Harden Solar API client against 429s: jitter, Retry-After, bounded backoff 🟩

Route the Google Solar client through the shared call_with_retry with
full jitter (de-synchronises the 32 concurrent containers per Google's
"avoid synchronised requests" guidance), honouring Retry-After, a 60s max
backoff (rides out the 600 QPM per-minute window), and 6 bounded retries.
429/5xx/transport errors are transient; other 4xx propagate immediately;
404-entity-not-found stays BuildingInsightsNotFoundError. On exhaustion a
TransientHttpError surfaces so the subtask fails and is re-triggered (no
silent degrade).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

infrastructure/solar/google_solar_api_client.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-import time
 from typing import Any, Literal, Optional
 
 import requests
 
+from infrastructure.http_retry import TransientHttpError, call_with_retry
+
 
 class BuildingInsightsNotFoundError(Exception):
     pass
@@ -10,12 +11,28 @@ class BuildingInsightsNotFoundError(Exception):
 
 class GoogleSolarApiClient:
     base_url: str = "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1"
-    MAX_RETRIES: int = 5
+    # Bounded retries (NOT Google's infinite-loop example). With the 60s max
+    # backoff below, 6 retries span ~2 of the Solar API's per-minute (600 QPM)
+    # windows — enough to ride out a transient 429 burst, then give up so a
+    # stuck request can't blow the container timeout; the subtask fails and is
+    # re-triggered.
+    MAX_RETRIES: int = 6
+    MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS: float = 60.0
     ENTITY_NOT_FOUND_ERROR: str = "Requested entity was not found."
 
     def __init__(self, api_key: str) -> None:
         self._api_key = api_key
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_retry_after(response: requests.Response) -> Optional[float]:
+        header = response.headers.get("Retry-After")
+        if header is None:
+            return None
+        try:
+            return float(header)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return None
+
     def get_building_insights(
         self,
         longitude: float,
@@ -29,22 +46,40 @@ class GoogleSolarApiClient:
             "requiredQuality": required_quality,
             "key": self._api_key,
         }
-        last_exc: Optional[Exception] = None
+
-        for attempt in range(self.MAX_RETRIES):
+        def _fetch() -> dict[str, Any]:
             try:
                 response = requests.get(insights_url, params=params)
                 response.raise_for_status()
                 result: dict[str, Any] = response.json()
                 return result
             except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+                response = e.response
+                if response is None:
+                    # No response = a transport-level failure (connection reset /
+                    # read or connect timeout) — transient, retry.
+                    raise TransientHttpError(f"Solar API transport error: {e}") from e
+                status = response.status_code
                 if (
-                    e.response is not None
+                    status == 404
-                    and e.response.status_code == 404
+                    and response.json().get("error", {}).get("message")
-                    and e.response.json()["error"]["message"] == self.ENTITY_NOT_FOUND_ERROR
+                    == self.ENTITY_NOT_FOUND_ERROR
                 ):
                     raise BuildingInsightsNotFoundError() from e
-                last_exc = e
+                if status == 429 or status >= 500:
-                time.sleep(2 ** attempt)
+                    # Rate-limit (429) and server errors (5xx) are transient.
+                    # Honour the server's Retry-After when present (jittered
+                    # exponential backoff otherwise — see `call_with_retry`).
+                    raise TransientHttpError(
+                        f"Solar API {status}",
+                        retry_after=self._parse_retry_after(response),
+                    ) from e
+                # Other 4xx are the caller's fault — non-transient, propagate.
+                raise
 
-        assert last_exc is not None
+        return call_with_retry(
-        raise last_exc
+            _fetch,
+            max_retries=self.MAX_RETRIES,
+            max_backoff=self.MAX_BACKOFF_SECONDS,
+            jitter=True,
+        )

tests/infrastructure/solar/test_google_solar_api_client.py

@@ -1,15 +1,100 @@
-from typing import Any
+from typing import Any, Optional
-from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, call, patch
 
 import pytest
 import requests
 
+from infrastructure.http_retry import TransientHttpError
 from infrastructure.solar.google_solar_api_client import (
     BuildingInsightsNotFoundError,
     GoogleSolarApiClient,
 )
 
 
+def _http_error(
+    status_code: int, *, headers: Optional[dict[str, str]] = None
+) -> requests.exceptions.HTTPError:
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.status_code = status_code
+    resp.headers = headers or {}
+    err = requests.exceptions.HTTPError(str(status_code))
+    err.response = resp
+    return err
+
+
+def _raising_response(err: Exception) -> MagicMock:
+    resp = MagicMock()
+    resp.raise_for_status.side_effect = err
+    return resp
+
+
+def test_get_building_insights_retries_429_then_succeeds() -> None:
+    # Arrange — a rate-limit (429) then a success. The 429 is transient, so the
+    # client backs off and retries rather than failing.
+    client = GoogleSolarApiClient(api_key="test-key")
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {"solarPotential": {"maxArrayPanelsCount": 20}}
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.json.return_value = payload
+    ok.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+
+    with patch("requests.get", side_effect=[_raising_response(_http_error(429)), ok]) as mock_get:
+        with patch("infrastructure.http_retry.time.sleep"):
+            # Act
+            result = client.get_building_insights(longitude=-0.1278, latitude=51.5074)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == payload
+    assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_get_building_insights_honours_retry_after_on_429() -> None:
+    # Arrange — a persistent 429 advertising Retry-After: 2s. The client sleeps
+    # exactly that (not a jittered computed backoff) and gives up bounded.
+    client = GoogleSolarApiClient(api_key="test-key")
+    err = _http_error(429, headers={"Retry-After": "2"})
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=_raising_response(err)) as mock_get:
+        with patch("infrastructure.http_retry.time.sleep") as sleep:
+            # Act / Assert — exhaustion raises a TransientHttpError, not the raw HTTPError.
+            with pytest.raises(TransientHttpError):
+                client.get_building_insights(longitude=-0.1278, latitude=51.5074)
+
+    # Bounded: MAX_RETRIES retries + the initial attempt; Retry-After honoured.
+    assert mock_get.call_count == GoogleSolarApiClient.MAX_RETRIES + 1
+    assert call(2.0) in sleep.call_args_list
+
+
+def test_get_building_insights_retries_on_500() -> None:
+    # Arrange — a 5xx is transient too; retry then succeed.
+    client = GoogleSolarApiClient(api_key="test-key")
+    payload: dict[str, Any] = {"solarPotential": {}}
+    ok = MagicMock()
+    ok.json.return_value = payload
+    ok.raise_for_status.return_value = None
+
+    with patch("requests.get", side_effect=[_raising_response(_http_error(503)), ok]) as mock_get:
+        with patch("infrastructure.http_retry.time.sleep"):
+            # Act
+            result = client.get_building_insights(longitude=-0.1278, latitude=51.5074)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == payload
+    assert mock_get.call_count == 2
+
+
+def test_get_building_insights_does_not_retry_a_400() -> None:
+    # Arrange — a non-transient client error (e.g. bad request) propagates at once.
+    client = GoogleSolarApiClient(api_key="test-key")
+
+    with patch("requests.get", return_value=_raising_response(_http_error(400))) as mock_get:
+        with patch("infrastructure.http_retry.time.sleep"):
+            # Act / Assert
+            with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
+                client.get_building_insights(longitude=-0.1278, latitude=51.5074)
+
+    assert mock_get.call_count == 1
+
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Slice 1: Successful response returns parsed JSON
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -94,17 +179,19 @@ def test_get_building_insights_raises_on_entity_not_found() -> None:
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def test_get_building_insights_propagates_exception_after_retry_exhaustion() -> None:
+def test_get_building_insights_fails_bounded_after_retry_exhaustion() -> None:
-    # Arrange
+    # Arrange — a persistent transport failure (no response). It's transient, so
+    # the client retries up to the bound, then surfaces a TransientHttpError for
+    # the caller to fail the subtask on (re-triggerable) — NOT an infinite loop.
     client = GoogleSolarApiClient(api_key="test-key")
 
     error = requests.exceptions.ConnectionError("persistent failure")
     error.response = None  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
 
     with patch("requests.get", side_effect=error) as mock_get:
-        with patch("time.sleep"):
+        with patch("infrastructure.http_retry.time.sleep"):
             # Act / Assert
-            with pytest.raises(requests.exceptions.ConnectionError):
+            with pytest.raises(TransientHttpError):
                 client.get_building_insights(longitude=-0.1278, latitude=51.5074)
 
-    assert mock_get.call_count == GoogleSolarApiClient.MAX_RETRIES
+    assert mock_get.call_count == GoogleSolarApiClient.MAX_RETRIES + 1