slice 18b: description-aware u_roof for catastrophic roofs (v2.4.0)

Table 18 age-band roof defaults assume joist insulation >= 100mm, which
mis-rates heritage roofs the surveyor explicitly described as
uninsulated. u_roof now reads roofs[i].description and routes
"no insulation" / "uninsulated" -> 2.30 W/m^2K and "limited insulation"
-> 1.50 W/m^2K, threaded through envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k via a single
joined description string off the top-level roofs list.

Explicit insulation_thickness_mm still wins over description.

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/envelope.py

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ def _part_heat_loss_w_per_k(
     door_area_m2: float,
     window_u_value: float,
     door_u_value: float,
+    roof_description: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> float:
     """Heat loss coefficient (W/K) for a single building part: walls + roof +
     floor + party walls + windows + doors + thermal bridging.
@@ -141,7 +142,12 @@ def _part_heat_loss_w_per_k(
         insulation_thickness_mm=wall_ins_thickness,
         insulation_present=wall_ins_present,
     )
-    ur = u_roof(country=country, age_band=age_band, insulation_thickness_mm=roof_thickness)
+    ur = u_roof(
+        country=country,
+        age_band=age_band,
+        insulation_thickness_mm=roof_thickness,
+        description=roof_description,
+    )
     uf = u_floor(
         country=country,
         age_band=age_band,
@@ -188,6 +194,7 @@ def envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
     insulated_door_count: int,
     insulated_door_u_value: Optional[float],
     age_band_for_door: Optional[str] = None,
+    roof_description: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> float:
     """Total envelope heat-loss coefficient (W/K) summed over all building parts.
 
@@ -195,6 +202,12 @@ def envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
     dwelling) per RdSAP10 convention -- the cert's window list is not split
     across extensions.  All U-values cascade through `rdsap_uvalues` defaults,
     so the return is never null.
+
+    `roof_description` carries the worst-case surveyor description across the
+    top-level `roofs[i]` list (e.g. "Pitched, no insulation"). When the cert
+    flags a roof as uninsulated, u_roof returns Table 16 0mm/12mm values
+    instead of the optimistic Table 18 age-band default -- catastrophic
+    heritage roofs need that correction.
     """
     if not sap_building_parts:
         return 0.0
@@ -231,5 +244,6 @@ def envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
             door_area_m2=d_area,
             window_u_value=window_u,
             door_u_value=door_u,
+            roof_description=roof_description,
         )
     return total

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/rdsap_uvalues.py

@@ -252,13 +252,32 @@ _ROOF_BY_AGE: Final[dict[str, float]] = {
 }
 
 
+_ROOF_NO_INSULATION_MARKERS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "no insulation",
+    "uninsulated",
+)
+_ROOF_LIMITED_INSULATION_MARKERS: Final[tuple[str, ...]] = (
+    "limited insulation",
+)
+
+
 def u_roof(
     country: Optional[Country],
     age_band: Optional[str],
     insulation_thickness_mm: Optional[int],
+    description: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> float:
-    """RdSAP10 roof U-value in W/m^2K, never null. Defaults via Table 18 when
+    """RdSAP10 roof U-value in W/m^2K, never null.
-    thickness unknown; uses Table 16 column (1) joist values when known."""
+
+    Resolution order:
+    1. Explicit `insulation_thickness_mm` → Table 16 column (1) joist row.
+    2. Surveyor `description` text (top-level `roofs[i].description`) flagging
+       uninsulated / limited-insulation roofs → Table 16 0mm / 12mm rows.
+       Table 18 age-band defaults assume joist insulation ≥100 mm, which is
+       wrong for catastrophic heritage roofs the EPC explicitly describes
+       as uninsulated.
+    3. Table 18 age-band default.
+    """
     if insulation_thickness_mm is not None:
         # nearest tabulated thickness <= supplied
         u = _ROOF_BY_THICKNESS[0][1]
@@ -266,6 +285,12 @@ def u_roof(
             if insulation_thickness_mm >= t:
                 u = val
         return u
+    if description is not None:
+        desc = description.lower()
+        if any(marker in desc for marker in _ROOF_NO_INSULATION_MARKERS):
+            return _ROOF_BY_THICKNESS[0][1]  # 2.30 W/m^2K
+        if any(marker in desc for marker in _ROOF_LIMITED_INSULATION_MARKERS):
+            return _ROOF_BY_THICKNESS[1][1]  # 1.50 W/m^2K (12mm row)
     if age_band is None:
         return 0.4
     return _ROOF_BY_AGE.get(age_band.upper(), 0.4)

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/tests/test_envelope.py

@@ -217,6 +217,74 @@ def test_envelope_increases_with_windows_and_doors() -> None:
     assert with_openings > no_openings
 
 
+def test_envelope_uninsulated_roof_description_raises_heat_loss() -> None:
+    # Arrange — Catastrophic heritage roof: top-level roofs[i].description says
+    # "no insulation". Without the flag the Table 18 age-G default of 0.40 W/m^2K
+    # under-states heat loss; with it u_roof returns 2.30 W/m^2K so the envelope
+    # rises by roughly (2.30-0.40)*100 = 190 W/K for a 100 m^2 roof.
+    main = make_building_part(
+        identifier="Main Dwelling",
+        construction_age_band="G",
+        wall_construction=4,
+        wall_insulation_type=4,
+        party_wall_construction=1,
+        roof_construction=4,
+        floor_dimensions=[
+            make_floor_dimension(
+                total_floor_area_m2=100.0, room_height_m=2.5,
+                party_wall_length_m=5.0, heat_loss_perimeter_m=40.0, floor=0,
+            )
+        ],
+    )
+
+    # Act
+    default_roof = envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
+        sap_building_parts=[main], country_code="ENG", window_total_area_m2=0.0,
+        window_avg_u_value=None, door_count=0, insulated_door_count=0, insulated_door_u_value=None,
+    )
+    uninsulated_roof = envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
+        sap_building_parts=[main], country_code="ENG", window_total_area_m2=0.0,
+        window_avg_u_value=None, door_count=0, insulated_door_count=0, insulated_door_u_value=None,
+        roof_description="Pitched, no insulation (assumed)",
+    )
+
+    # Assert — heat loss jumps by ~190 W/K (1.90 W/m^2K * 100 m^2 roof area).
+    assert uninsulated_roof - default_roof == pytest.approx(190.0, abs=15.0)
+
+
+def test_envelope_limited_roof_insulation_description_raises_heat_loss() -> None:
+    # Arrange — "limited insulation" maps to u_roof=1.50; delta vs Table 18
+    # age-G default of 0.40 is 1.10 W/m^2K * 100 m^2 = 110 W/K.
+    main = make_building_part(
+        identifier="Main Dwelling",
+        construction_age_band="G",
+        wall_construction=4,
+        wall_insulation_type=4,
+        party_wall_construction=1,
+        roof_construction=4,
+        floor_dimensions=[
+            make_floor_dimension(
+                total_floor_area_m2=100.0, room_height_m=2.5,
+                party_wall_length_m=5.0, heat_loss_perimeter_m=40.0, floor=0,
+            )
+        ],
+    )
+
+    # Act
+    default_roof = envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
+        sap_building_parts=[main], country_code="ENG", window_total_area_m2=0.0,
+        window_avg_u_value=None, door_count=0, insulated_door_count=0, insulated_door_u_value=None,
+    )
+    limited_roof = envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k(
+        sap_building_parts=[main], country_code="ENG", window_total_area_m2=0.0,
+        window_avg_u_value=None, door_count=0, insulated_door_count=0, insulated_door_u_value=None,
+        roof_description="Roof room(s), limited insulation",
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert limited_roof - default_roof == pytest.approx(110.0, abs=15.0)
+
+
 def test_envelope_never_null_even_with_missing_fields() -> None:
     # Arrange — minimal building part with most fields unspecified.
     main = make_building_part(

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/tests/test_rdsap_uvalues.py

@@ -178,6 +178,85 @@ def test_u_roof_unknown_age_band_falls_back_to_mid_range() -> None:
     assert result == pytest.approx(0.4, abs=0.001)
 
 
+def test_u_roof_description_no_insulation_overrides_age_band_default() -> None:
+    # Arrange — surveyor description on a Victorian roof says uninsulated;
+    # Table 18 age-B default (0.40) is far too optimistic. Table 16 row 0mm
+    # joist insulation is 2.30 W/m^2K.
+
+    # Act
+    result = u_roof(
+        country=Country.ENG,
+        age_band="B",
+        insulation_thickness_mm=None,
+        description="Pitched, no insulation (assumed)",
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == pytest.approx(2.30, abs=0.001)
+
+
+def test_u_roof_description_limited_insulation_overrides_age_band_default() -> None:
+    # Arrange — "limited insulation" maps to Table 16 row 12mm -> 1.50 W/m^2K.
+
+    # Act
+    result = u_roof(
+        country=Country.ENG,
+        age_band="D",
+        insulation_thickness_mm=None,
+        description="Roof room(s), limited insulation",
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == pytest.approx(1.50, abs=0.001)
+
+
+def test_u_roof_description_uninsulated_synonym_also_triggers_high_u() -> None:
+    # Arrange — surveyor writes "uninsulated" (no space) instead of "no insulation".
+
+    # Act
+    result = u_roof(
+        country=Country.ENG,
+        age_band="C",
+        insulation_thickness_mm=None,
+        description="Flat, uninsulated",
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == pytest.approx(2.30, abs=0.001)
+
+
+def test_u_roof_description_well_insulated_does_not_override_default() -> None:
+    # Arrange — description says "insulated"; do NOT override the Table 18
+    # age-G default of 0.40 with a penalty.
+
+    # Act
+    result = u_roof(
+        country=Country.ENG,
+        age_band="G",
+        insulation_thickness_mm=None,
+        description="Pitched, insulated at rafters",
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == pytest.approx(0.40, abs=0.001)
+
+
+def test_u_roof_explicit_thickness_beats_description() -> None:
+    # Arrange — when surveyor measured 200mm joist insulation, Table 16 wins
+    # regardless of any description text. 200mm -> 0.21 W/m^2K.
+
+    # Act
+    result = u_roof(
+        country=Country.ENG,
+        age_band="B",
+        insulation_thickness_mm=200,
+        description="No insulation",  # ignored because thickness is explicit
+    )
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == pytest.approx(0.21, abs=0.001)
+
+
 # ----- Floors -----
 
 

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/tests/test_transform.py

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def test_transform_advertises_version_and_target_columns() -> None:
 
     # Assert
     assert isinstance(schema, TransformSchema)
-    assert schema.transform_version == "2.3.0"
+    assert schema.transform_version == "2.4.0"
     assert schema.transform_version == EpcMlTransform.VERSION
     assert set(schema.target_columns.keys()) == set(_EXPECTED_TARGET_DTYPES.keys())
     for target_name, expected_dtype in _EXPECTED_TARGET_DTYPES.items():

packages/domain/src/domain/ml/transform.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import pandas as pd
 
 from datatypes.epc.domain.epc import Epc
 from datatypes.epc.domain.epc_property_data import (
+    EnergyElement,
     EpcPropertyData,
     SapBuildingPart,
     SapEnergySource,
@@ -901,7 +902,7 @@ class EpcMlTransform:
     Version 0.1.0 — schema contract only; feature columns added in subsequent slices.
     """
 
-    VERSION: str = "2.3.0"
+    VERSION: str = "2.4.0"
 
     def schema(self) -> TransformSchema:
         """The cross-repo ML data contract.
@@ -956,6 +957,7 @@ class EpcMlTransform:
             door_count=epc.door_count,
             insulated_door_count=epc.insulated_door_count,
             insulated_door_u_value=epc.insulated_door_u_value,
+            roof_description=_joined_descriptions(epc.roofs),
         )
         main_heating_code = heating_aggregates.get("primary_sap_main_heating_code")
         water_code = heating_aggregates.get("water_heating_code")
@@ -1406,6 +1408,22 @@ def _truthy_yn(value: Any) -> Optional[bool]:
     return None
 
 
+def _joined_descriptions(elements: list[EnergyElement]) -> Optional[str]:
+    """Concatenate `description` text across an `EnergyElement` list.
+
+    Used so envelope_heat_loss_w_per_k can spot worst-case markers ("no
+    insulation" / "limited insulation") across every roof / wall / floor entry
+    on the cert, since those are top-level lists not keyed by building part.
+    Returns None when the list is empty so callers can short-circuit.
+    """
+    if not elements:
+        return None
+    parts = [e.description for e in elements if e.description]
+    if not parts:
+        return None
+    return " | ".join(parts)
+
+
 def _ground_floor(part: SapBuildingPart) -> Optional[Any]:
     """Pick the ground-floor `SapFloorDimension` (floor==0) for a building part.