diff --git a/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/solar_gains.py b/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/solar_gains.py
index c727feb2..c7f86d76 100644
--- a/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/solar_gains.py
+++ b/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/solar_gains.py
@@ -37,6 +37,23 @@ from domain.sap.climate.appendix_u import (
     horizontal_solar_irradiance_w_per_m2,
     solar_declination_deg,
 )
+from domain.sap.worksheet.internal_gains import OvershadingCategory
+
+
+# Table 6d first column — winter solar access factor Z for heating gains.
+# Distinct from the lighting Z_L (third column, §5) and cooling Z (second
+# column, out of scope). SAP 10.2 spec p178.
+_Z_SOLAR_BY_OVERSHADING: Final[dict[OvershadingCategory, float]] = {
+    OvershadingCategory.HEAVY: 0.3,
+    OvershadingCategory.MORE_THAN_AVERAGE: 0.54,
+    OvershadingCategory.AVERAGE: 0.77,
+    OvershadingCategory.VERY_LITTLE: 1.0,
+}
+
+
+def z_solar_for_overshading(overshading: OvershadingCategory) -> float:
+    """SAP 10.2 Table 6d winter solar access factor Z for heating gains."""
+    return _Z_SOLAR_BY_OVERSHADING[overshading]
 
 
 class Orientation(Enum):
diff --git a/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/tests/test_solar_gains.py b/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/tests/test_solar_gains.py
index eaddb76e..4bd239ea 100644
--- a/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/tests/test_solar_gains.py
+++ b/packages/domain/src/domain/sap/worksheet/tests/test_solar_gains.py
@@ -11,13 +11,28 @@ Appendix U §U3.2 (pages 127-129), Table U4 (latitudes), Table U5
 
 import pytest
 
+from domain.sap.worksheet.internal_gains import OvershadingCategory
 from domain.sap.worksheet.solar_gains import (
     Orientation,
     surface_solar_flux_w_per_m2,
     window_solar_gain_w,
+    z_solar_for_overshading,
 )
 
 
+def test_z_solar_for_overshading_returns_table_6d_first_column() -> None:
+    # Arrange — SAP 10.2 Table 6d "Winter solar access factor (for calculation
+    # of solar gains for heating)" — first numeric column on p178. Used for
+    # SAP rating + DPER/TPER; distinct from the lighting Z_L (third column,
+    # consumed by §5) and the cooling Z (second column, out of scope).
+
+    # Act / Assert
+    assert z_solar_for_overshading(OvershadingCategory.HEAVY) == 0.3
+    assert z_solar_for_overshading(OvershadingCategory.MORE_THAN_AVERAGE) == 0.54
+    assert z_solar_for_overshading(OvershadingCategory.AVERAGE) == 0.77
+    assert z_solar_for_overshading(OvershadingCategory.VERY_LITTLE) == 1.0
+
+
 def test_uk_average_south_vertical_july_returns_hand_computed_flux() -> None:
     # Arrange — UK average region (0), South-facing vertical (p=90°), July.
     # Hand-computed from Appendix U §U3.2 with Table U5 South constants: